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European Journal of Echocardiography Advance Access originally published online on May 12, 2009
European Journal of Echocardiography 2009 10(6):738-744; doi:10.1093/ejechocard/jep054
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Published on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved. © The Author 2009. For permissions please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Normal reference ranges for left and right atrial volume indexes and ejection fractions obtained with real-time three-dimensional echocardiography

Erlend Aune1,*, Morten Baekkevar1, Jo Roislien2, Olaf Rodevand3 and Jan Erik Otterstad1

1 Department of Cardiology, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Box 2168, NO-3103 Toensberg, Norway
2 Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
3 Feiringklinikken, Feiring, Norway

Received 9 March 2009; accepted after revision 16 April 2009; online publish-ahead-of-print 12 May 2009.

* Corresponding author. Tel: +47 33 34 20 00; fax: +47 33 34 39 50. E-mail address: erlend.aune{at}siv.no


  Abstract

Aims: The aim of this study was to obtain normal reference ranges and intra-observer reproducibility for left (L) and right (R) atrial (A) volume indexes (VI, corrected for body surface area) and ejection fractions (EF) with real-time three-dimensional echocardiography.

Methods and results: One hundred and sixty-six participants, 79 males and 87 females, aged 29–79 years considered free from clinical and subclinical cardiovascular disease, were included. Normal ranges are defined as 95% reference values for atrial dimensions and reproducibility as coefficients of variations (CVs) for repeated measurements. Upper normal reference values were 41 mL/m2 for maximum (max) LAVI and 19 mL/m2 for minimum (min) LAVI. The lower normal reference value was 45% for LAEF. The respective values for RA were 47 mL/m2, 20 mL/m2, and 46%. The only relevant gender difference was a higher upper normal max RAVI among males vs. females. The CVs for repeated measurements were 9% for max LAVI, 8% for max RAVI, 13% for LAEF, and 14% for RAEF.

Conclusion: The present study provides normal ranges for atrial dimensions and contractility with a new, fast, and reproducible technique that can be used bedside without offline analysis.

Keywords: Reference values; Heart atria; Atrial function; Echocardiography; Three-dimensional


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