European Journal of Echocardiography Advance Access published online on March 18, 2008
European Journal of Echocardiography, doi:10.1093/ejechocard/jen030
Doppler echocardiographic assessment of TTK Chitra prosthetic heart valve in the mitral position
1 Department of Cardiology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum 695 011, Kerala, India
2 Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
* Corresponding author. Tel: + 91 447838258; fax: +91 471 2446433. E-mail address: kknnamboodiri{at}yahoo.co.in
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Abstract |
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Aims: TTK Chitra heart valve prosthesis (CHVP), a tilting disc mechanical heart valve of low cost and proven efficacy, has been in use for the past 15 years. Although various studies substantiating its long-term safety and efficacy are available, no study had assessed its echocardiographic characteristics. The purpose of this study was, first, to determine the normal Doppler parameters of CHVP in the mitral position and second, to assess whether derivation of mitral valve area (MVA) using the continuity equation and, more commonly used pressure half-time (PHT) method are comparable in the functional assessment of this tilting disc mitral prosthesis.
Methods and results: Doppler echocardiography was performed in 40 consecutive patients with CHVP in mitral position. All patients were clinically stable, without evidence of prosthetic valve dysfunction such as significant obstruction or regurgitation, endocarditis, left ventricular dysfunction (ejection fraction <40%), or significant aortic regurgitation. Valve sizes studied included 25, 27, and 29 mm. Mitral valve area was derived both by the PHT method and the continuity equation, using stroke volume measured in the ventricular outflow tract divided by the time-velocity integral of CHVP jet. The peak Doppler gradient ranged from 5 to 21 (mean 11.0) mm Hg, and the mean gradient ranged from 1.7 to 9.2 (mean 4.1) mm Hg. Mean gradient negatively correlated with increase in actual orifice area (AOA) derived from the valve orifice diameter given by the manufacturer (r = –0.45, P = 0.004). Mitral valve area calculated by both PHT and continuity equation increased significantly with increase in AOA (r = 0.42, P = 0.007 and r = 0.32, P = 0.046, respectively). Mitral valve area by the continuity equation averaged 1.55 ± 0.36 cm2 (range 0.85 cm2 for a 25 mm valve to 2.41 cm2 for a 29 mm valve), and was smaller than by the PHT (mean 2.04 ± 0.41 cm2, range 1.40–3.14 cm2; P = 0.0001; t-test) irrespective of whether the PHT is less than or more than 110 ms.
Conclusion: The Doppler parameters obtained with CHVP in mitral position are comparable to those obtained with the different prosthetic valves in common use. In selected group of patients with CHVP, assessment of MVA by the PHT method is comparable to that by the continuity equation. Areas by both methods were smaller than the AOA provided by the manufacturer, as seen in other similar design valves.
Keywords: Chitra valve; Prosthetic valve; Doppler echocardiography