Copyright © 2006, The European Society of Cardiology
Recommendations for chamber quantification*
Med. Klinik 2, Erlangen University, Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
Received 7 November 2005; accepted after revision 23 December 2005.
* Corresponding author. Tel.: +49 9131 853 5301; fax: +49 9131 853 5303. frank.flachskampf{at}rzmail.uni-erlangen.de
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Abstract |
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Quantification of cardiac chamber size, ventricular mass and function ranks among the most clinically important and most frequently requested tasks of echocardiography. Over the last decades, echocardiographic methods and techniques have improved and expanded dramatically, due to the introduction of higher frequency transducers, harmonic imaging, fully digital machines, left-sided contrast agents, and other technological advancements. Furthermore, echocardiography due to its portability and versatility is now used in emergency rooms, operating rooms, and intensive care units. Standardization of measurements in echocardiography has been inconsistent and less successful, compared to other imaging techniques and consequently, echocardiographic measurements are sometimes perceived as less reliable. Therefore, the American Society of Echocardiography, working together with the European Association of Echocardiography, a branch of the European Society of Cardiology, has critically reviewed the literature and updated the recommendations for quantifying cardiac chambers using echocardiography. This document reviews the technical aspects on how to perform quantitative chamber measurements of morphology and function, which is a component of every complete echocardiographic examination.
Keywords: LV; left ventricle; LA; left atrium; RA; right atrium; RV; right ventricle; LVID; left ventricular internal dimension; LVIDd; left ventricular internal dimension at end diastole; LVIDs; left ventricular internal dimension at end systole; SWTd; septal wall thickness at end-diastole; PWTd; posterior wall thickness at end-diastole; EBD; endocardial border delineation; TEE; transesophageal echocardiography; MI; myocardial infarction
* A report from the American Society of Echocardiography's Nomenclature and Standards Committee and the Task Force on Chamber Quantification, developed in conjunction with the American College of Cardiology Echocardiography Committee, the American Heart Association, and the European Association of Echocardiography, a branch of the European Society of Cardiology.
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D. Messika-Zeitoun, M. Bellamy, J.-F. Avierinos, J. Breen, C. Eusemann, A. Rossi, T. Behrenbeck, C. Scott, J. A. Tajik, and M. Enriquez-Sarano Left atrial remodelling in mitral regurgitation--methodologic approach, physiological determinants, and outcome implications: a prospective quantitative Doppler-echocardiographic and electron beam-computed tomographic study Eur. Heart J., July 2, 2007; 28(14): 1773 - 1781. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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Authors/Task Force Members:, G. Mancia, G. De Backer, A. Dominiczak, R. Cifkova, R. Fagard, G. Germano, G. Grassi, A. M. Heagerty, S. E. Kjeldsen, et al. 2007 Guidelines for the Management of Arterial Hypertension: The Task Force for the Management of Arterial Hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Eur. Heart J., June 11, 2007; (2007) ehm236v1. [Full Text] [PDF]
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R. Olszewski, J. Timperley, S. Cezary, M. Monaghan, P. Nihoyannopoulis, R. Senior, and H. Becher The clinical applications of contrast echocardiography Eur J Echocardiogr, June 1, 2007; 8(3): s13 - s23. [Full Text] [PDF]
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L. F. Drager, L. A. Bortolotto, A. C. Figueiredo, B. C. Silva, E. M. Krieger, and G. Lorenzi-Filho Obstructive Sleep Apnea, Hypertension, and Their Interaction on Arterial Stiffness and Heart Remodeling Chest, May 1, 2007; 131(5): 1379 - 1386. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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C. S.P. Lam, V. L. Roger, R. J. Rodeheffer, F. Bursi, B. A. Borlaug, S. R. Ommen, D. A. Kass, and M. M. Redfield Cardiac Structure and Ventricular-Vascular Function in Persons With Heart Failure and Preserved Ejection Fraction From Olmsted County, Minnesota Circulation, April 17, 2007; 115(15): 1982 - 1990. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 G. Tripepi, F. A. Benedetto, F. Mallamaci, R. Tripepi, L. Malatino, and C. Zoccali Left Atrial Volume Monitoring and Cardiovascular Risk in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease: A Prospective Cohort Study J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., April 1, 2007; 18(4): 1316 - 1322. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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D. Erdogan, I. Yildirim, O. Ciftci, I. Ozer, M. Caliskan, H. Gullu, and H. Muderrisoglu Effects of Normal Blood Pressure, Prehypertension, and Hypertension on Coronary Microvascular Function Circulation, February 6, 2007; 115(5): 593 - 599. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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B. P. Shapiro, M. D. McGoon, and M. M. Redfield Unexplained Pulmonary Hypertension in Elderly Patients Chest, January 1, 2007; 131(1): 94 - 100. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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