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European Journal of Echocardiography Advance Access originally published online on December 20, 2008
European Journal of Echocardiography 2009 10(2):216-226; doi:10.1093/ejechocard/jen323
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Published on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved. © The Author 2008. For permissions please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org.

Velocity and deformation imaging for the assessment of myocardial dysfunction

Bart H. Bijnens1,2,*, Maja Cikes3, Piet Claus2 and George R. Sutherland4

1 ICREA - Universitat Pompeu Fabra (CISTIB) and CIBER-BBN, Passeig de Circumval.lació, 8, E08003 Barcelona, Spain
2 Cardiovascular Imaging and Dynamics, Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
3 Department for Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospital Centre Zagreb and School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Kispaticeva 12, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
4 Department of Cardiology, St. George’s Hospital, Blackshaw Road, London SW17 0QT, UK

Received 19 May 2008; accepted after revision 30 November 2008; online publish-ahead-of-print 20 December 2008.

* Corresponding author. Tel: +34 935422255; fax: +32 935421446. E-mail address: bart.bijnens{at}upf.edu


  Abstract

Recent developments in echocardiographic imaging technology and processing enabled the quantification of myocardial motion and deformation in a clinical setting. Echocardiographic strain (-rate) imaging provides a relatively easy way to study myocardial deformation. However, although (local) deformation is clearly linked to cardiac (dys-) function, it is important to understand how this information can be used in clinical practice and how specific deformation patterns should be interpreted. This review paper first discusses which issues are important to address when assessing cardiac function and how (regional) deformation and myocardial contractility are related. The use and interpretation of deformation profiles is further illustrated for some typical cardiac pathologies. The observed deformation patterns are discussed in light of the changes in regional contractility (ischemia), timing of contractile force development (LBBB and heart failure), pressure/volume overload, and assessing diastolic function.

Keywords: Doppler myocardial imaging; Echocardiographic imaging; Myocardial function; Ventricular deformation


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